1) Imagine that those African-Americans who have been refused employment by a fire department are suing the city for racial discrimination in hiring. They are asking for preferential treatment in hiring by the fire department as a remedy for past discrimination. May the white firefighters (or white applicants to the fire department) who would be affected by this relief intervene of right? Would there be any conditions on their intervention?

2) Imagine that someone is suing the government to allow a dump to be created. The government claims the landfill is against the Environmental Protection Act. You live next to the dump site. Should you be able to intervene of right on the side of the government?